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4.1. 授权码许可(4.1. Authorization Code Grant)

4.1. 授权码许可

授权码许可类型用于获得访问令牌和刷新令牌并且为受信任的客户端进行了优化。由于这是一个基于重定向的流程，客户端必须能够与资源所有者的用户代理（通常是Web浏览器）进行交互并能够接收来自授权服务器的传入请求（通过重定向）。

 +----------+
 | Resource |
 |   Owner  |
 |          |
 +----------+
      ^
      |
     (B)
 +----|-----+          Client Identifier      +---------------+
 |         -+----(A)-- & Redirection URI ---->|               |
 |  User-   |                                 | Authorization |
 |  Agent  -+----(B)-- User authenticates --->|     Server    |
 |          |                                 |               |
 |         -+----(C)-- Authorization Code ---<|               |
 +-|----|---+                                 +---------------+
   |    |                                         ^      v
  (A)  (C)                                        |      |
   |    |                                         |      |
   ^    v                                         |      |
 +---------+                                      |      |
 |         |>---(D)-- Authorization Code ---------'      |
 |  Client |          & Redirection URI                  |
 |         |                                             |
 |         |<---(E)----- Access Token -------------------'
 +---------+       (w/ Optional Refresh Token)

注：说明步骤（A）、（B）和（C）的直线因为通过用户代理而被分为两部分。
图3：授权码流程

在图3中所示的流程包括以下步骤：

  • （A）客户端通过向授权端点引导资源所有者的用户代理开始流程。客户端包括它的客户端标识、请求范围、本地状态和重定向URI，一旦访问被许可（或拒绝）授权服务器将传送用户代理回到该URI。

  • （B）授权服务器验证资源拥有者的身份（通过用户代理），并确定资源所有者是否授予或拒绝客户端的访问请求。

  • （C）假设资源所有者许可访问，授权服务器使用之前（在请求时或客户端注册时）提供的重定向URI重定向用户代理回到客户端。重定向URI包括授权码和之前客户端提供的任何本地状态。

  • （D）客户端通过包含上一步中收到的授权码从授权服务器的令牌端点请求访问令牌。当发起请求时，客户端与授权服务器进行身份验证。客户端包含用于获得授权码的重定向URI来用于验证。

  • （E）授权服务器对客户端进行身份验证，验证授权代码，并确保接收的重定向URI与在步骤（C）中用于重定向（资源所有者的用户代理）到客户端的URI相匹配。如果通过，授权服务器响应返回访问令牌与可选的刷新令牌。

4.1. Authorization Code Grant



   The authorization code grant type is used to obtain both access
   tokens and refresh tokens and is optimized for confidential clients.
   Since this is a redirection-based flow, the client must be capable of
   interacting with the resource owner's user-agent (typically a web
   browser) and capable of receiving incoming requests (via redirection)
   from the authorization server.

     +----------+
     | Resource |
     |   Owner  |
     |          |
     +----------+
          ^
          |
         (B)
     +----|-----+          Client Identifier      +---------------+
     |         -+----(A)-- & Redirection URI ---->|               |
     |  User-   |                                 | Authorization |
     |  Agent  -+----(B)-- User authenticates --->|     Server    |
     |          |                                 |               |
     |         -+----(C)-- Authorization Code ---<|               |
     +-|----|---+                                 +---------------+
       |    |                                         ^      v
      (A)  (C)                                        |      |
       |    |                                         |      |
       ^    v                                         |      |
     +---------+                                      |      |
     |         |>---(D)-- Authorization Code ---------'      |
     |  Client |          & Redirection URI                  |
     |         |                                             |
     |         |<---(E)----- Access Token -------------------'
     +---------+       (w/ Optional Refresh Token)

   Note: The lines illustrating steps (A), (B), and (C) are broken into
   two parts as they pass through the user-agent.

                     Figure 3: Authorization Code Flow












Hardt                        Standards Track                   [Page 24]
 
RFC 6749                        OAuth 2.0                   October 2012


   The flow illustrated in Figure 3 includes the following steps:

   (A)  The client initiates the flow by directing the resource owner's
        user-agent to the authorization endpoint.  The client includes
        its client identifier, requested scope, local state, and a
        redirection URI to which the authorization server will send the
        user-agent back once access is granted (or denied).

   (B)  The authorization server authenticates the resource owner (via
        the user-agent) and establishes whether the resource owner
        grants or denies the client's access request.

   (C)  Assuming the resource owner grants access, the authorization
        server redirects the user-agent back to the client using the
        redirection URI provided earlier (in the request or during
        client registration).  The redirection URI includes an
        authorization code and any local state provided by the client
        earlier.

   (D)  The client requests an access token from the authorization
        server's token endpoint by including the authorization code
        received in the previous step.  When making the request, the
        client authenticates with the authorization server.  The client
        includes the redirection URI used to obtain the authorization
        code for verification.

   (E)  The authorization server authenticates the client, validates the
        authorization code, and ensures that the redirection URI
        received matches the URI used to redirect the client in
        step (C).  If valid, the authorization server responds back with
        an access token and, optionally, a refresh token.
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